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Solution Description
An attractive communication solution for IoT and IIoT applications, LoRa is a long-range and low-power wireless communication system that can send small amounts of data over long distances. Built around the LoRaWAN protocol, each LoRa device is required to have a unique ID (called DevEUI) and a unique security master key (called AppKey). From the AppKey are derived a “Network session key” used for integrity and authenticity verifications (data are signed with this key) and an “Application session key” used for confidentiality (data are encrypted with this key).
The security key and identifiers are unique per device and are traditionally provisioned (stored in the device’s persistent memory as well as on a Join server) during its manufacture prior to device activation. This solution generates cost and lacks flexibility. The current solution shows how the bidirectional capability of NFC dynamic tags can help to provision the device at runtime, thus making the manufacturing simpler.
The traditional way to onboard LoRa devices to a gateway or network server
A QR Code is traditionally added onto the product indicating the DevEUI and JoinEUI identifiers (the security key is kept secret).
After acquiring their device, users must install the approved Android/iOS mobile app provided by the manufacturer. The app then asks the user to scan the QR Code present on the LoRa device.
Then the application will communicate with the Join network using the JoinEUI parameter to identify the correct Join server to contact. The Join server knows the AppKey associated to this DevEUI and will propagate the AppKey to the Network and Application servers. The Network server will derive the AppKey to get the Network Session Key; while the Application server will derive the AppKey to get the Application session key.
The LoRa device will then contact a LoRa gateway and perform the Over The Air Activation (OTAA). Once activated, the new device is connected to the LoRa network and starts communicating.
Making the onboarding process easier and more cost-effective for an improved user experience
This method requires a LoRa device with an embedded ST25DV64KC dynamic NFC tag connected to an ultra-low power wireless STM32WL5 MCU supporting LoRa® modulation.
First tap the LoRa device with an NFC-enabled smartphone running the LoRa provisioning app to obtain the device's unique identifiers (DevEUI) and then register it on a LoRaWAN network.
The LoRaWAN server then sends back the unique master key (AppKey) to the mobile app which programs it into the LoRa device’s NVM. The LoRa device will then be able to contact a LoRa gateway to perform the Over The Air Activation (OTAA). Once activated, the new device is connected to the LoRa network.
Establishes a secure transfer channel over NFC Convenient way of provisioning by the end user thanks to ST25 Dynamic NFC tag Higher flexibility (provisioning can be handled in the field), thanks to ST25 Dynamic NFC tag Improved provisioning process speed, thanks to Fast Transfer mode
The solution evaluation setup is based on STM32 Open Development Environment, an open, flexible, easy and affordable way to develop innovative applications. It enables fast prototyping with leading-edge components that can be quickly transformed into final designs.
Built around an ultra-low-power wireless STM32WL5 MCU, the STM32WL Nucleo-64 development board (NUCLEO-WL55JC) integrates a debugger/programmer interface via USB. With a flexible set of Arduino connectors, the development board can be easily connected to the Dynamic NFC/RFID tag IC expansion board (X-NUCLEO-NFC07A1) based on the ST25DV64KC NFC Type V tag.
A complete set of software components and ready-to-use example code are provided in our STM32WL firmware pack (STSW-ST25DV010). User-friendly mobile apps for LoRa provisioning (STSW-ST25010) as well as an MQTT Client (STSW-ST25011) are also available leveraging The Things Network’s LoRaWAN® infrastructure to monitor device performance, provide diagnostics, and more.
In this setup, the LoRa device is represented by the NFC expansion board (X-NUCLEO-NFC07A1) mounted on the STM32WL Nucleo board. A double-layer antenna reference board (ANT7-T-25DV64KC) for the ST25DV64KC dynamic NFC tag with an enhanced I²C wired interface is also available to ease prototyping.
First tap the LoRa device with an NFC-enabled smartphone running the LoRa provisioning app (STSW-ST25010) to obtain the device's unique identifiers and follow the directions on the screen to register it on a LoRaWAN network
Estimated cost
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Subject to the below disclaimer, applicable Third Party Terms (defined below), and applicable Open Source Terms (defined below), the redistribution, reproduction and use in source and binary forms of the software package or any part thereof, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistribution of source code (modified or not) must retain any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a microcontroller or microprocessor device or a software update for such device, must reproduce any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other contributors to this software package may be used to endorse or promote products using or derived from this software package without specific written permission.
This software package must be used and execute solely and exclusively in combination with an integrated circuit that is manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics and is an NFC tag, NFC dynamic tag, NFC reader, or UHF reader.
No use, reproduction or redistribution of this software package may be done in any manner that would subject this software package to any Open Source Terms (as defined below).
Some portion of the software package may contain software subject to Open Source Terms (as defined below) applicable for each such portion (“Open Source Software”), as further specified in the software package. Such Open Source Software is supplied under the applicable Open Source Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. “Open Source Terms” shall mean any open source license which requires as part of distribution of software that the source code of such software is distributed therewith or otherwise made available, or open source license that substantially complies with the Open Source definition specified at www.opensource.org and any other comparable open source license such as for example GNU General Public License (GPL), Eclipse Public License (EPL), Apache Software License, BSD license and MIT license.
This software package may also include third party software as expressly specified in the software package, which shall be subject to applicable third party license terms (“Third Party Terms”). Such Third Party Terms may be specified in any reasonable manner, including, without limitation, by being fully set forth, referred to, or hyperlinked in the software package source code, documentation, license file, or readme file. Such third party software is supplied under Third Party Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. By unzipping, installing, copying, downloading, accessing or otherwise using any third party software included in this software package, the recipient agrees to be bound by the corresponding Third Party Terms.
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The software package is and will remain the exclusive property of STMicroelectronics and its licensors. The recipient will not take any action that jeopardizes STMicroelectronics and its licensors' proprietary rights or acquire any rights in the software package, except the limited rights specified hereunder.
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BY CLICKING ON THE "I ACCEPT" BUTTON OR BY UNZIPPING, INSTALLING, COPYING, DOWNLOADING, ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE (HEREINAFTER “SOFTWARE PACKAGE” MEANS THE RELATED SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION, OTHER MATERIALS, AND ANY PARTS, PERMITTED MODIFICATIONS, AND PERMITTED DERIVATIVES THEREOF) FROM STMICROELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL N.V, SWISS BRANCH AND/OR ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES (“STMICROELECTRONICS”), THE RECIPIENT, ON BEHALF OF HIMSELF OR HERSELF, OR ON BEHALF OF ANY ENTITY BY WHICH SUCH RECIPIENT IS EMPLOYED AND/OR ENGAGED (“YOU”) AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THIS AGREEMENT.
You represent that you have the authority to enter into this Agreement. You will comply with all laws, including export laws. STMicroelectronics’s failure or delay to enforce this Agreement does not waive STMicroelectronics’s rights. Swiss law, except conflict of laws, governs this Agreement, and the parties consent to exclusive jurisdiction of courts in Switzerland for litigation of this Agreement.
Subject to the below disclaimer, applicable Third Party Terms (defined below), and applicable Open Source Terms (defined below), the redistribution, reproduction and use in source and binary forms of the software package or any part thereof, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistribution of source code (modified or not) must retain any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a microcontroller or microprocessor device or a software update for such device, must reproduce any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other contributors to this software package may be used to endorse or promote products using or derived from this software package without specific written permission.
This software package must be used and execute solely and exclusively in combination with an integrated circuit that is manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics and is an NFC tag, NFC dynamic tag, NFC reader, or UHF reader.
No use, reproduction or redistribution of this software package may be done in any manner that would subject this software package to any Open Source Terms (as defined below).
Some portion of the software package may contain software subject to Open Source Terms (as defined below) applicable for each such portion (“Open Source Software”), as further specified in the software package. Such Open Source Software is supplied under the applicable Open Source Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. “Open Source Terms” shall mean any open source license which requires as part of distribution of software that the source code of such software is distributed therewith or otherwise made available, or open source license that substantially complies with the Open Source definition specified at www.opensource.org and any other comparable open source license such as for example GNU General Public License (GPL), Eclipse Public License (EPL), Apache Software License, BSD license and MIT license.
This software package may also include third party software as expressly specified in the software package, which shall be subject to applicable third party license terms (“Third Party Terms”). Such Third Party Terms may be specified in any reasonable manner, including, without limitation, by being fully set forth, referred to, or hyperlinked in the software package source code, documentation, license file, or readme file. Such third party software is supplied under Third Party Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. By unzipping, installing, copying, downloading, accessing or otherwise using any third party software included in this software package, the recipient agrees to be bound by the corresponding Third Party Terms.
STMicroelectronics has no obligation to provide any maintenance, support or updates for the software package.
The software package is and will remain the exclusive property of STMicroelectronics and its licensors. The recipient will not take any action that jeopardizes STMicroelectronics and its licensors' proprietary rights or acquire any rights in the software package, except the limited rights specified hereunder.
Redistribution and use of this software package partially or any part thereof other than as permitted under this license is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this license.
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THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY STMICROELECTRONICS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN NO EVENT SHALL STMICROELECTRONICS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PERMITTED HEREUNDER, SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE THIRD PARTY TERMS AND OPEN SOURCE TERMS, NO LICENSE OR OTHER RIGHTS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE GRANTED UNDER ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF STMICROELECTRONICS OR ANY THIRD PARTY.
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BY CLICKING ON THE "I ACCEPT" BUTTON OR BY UNZIPPING, INSTALLING, COPYING, DOWNLOADING, ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE (HEREINAFTER “SOFTWARE PACKAGE” MEANS THE RELATED SOFTWARE, DOCUMENTATION, OTHER MATERIALS, AND ANY PARTS, PERMITTED MODIFICATIONS, AND PERMITTED DERIVATIVES THEREOF) FROM STMICROELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL N.V, SWISS BRANCH AND/OR ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES (“STMICROELECTRONICS”), THE RECIPIENT, ON BEHALF OF HIMSELF OR HERSELF, OR ON BEHALF OF ANY ENTITY BY WHICH SUCH RECIPIENT IS EMPLOYED AND/OR ENGAGED (“YOU”) AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THIS AGREEMENT.
You represent that you have the authority to enter into this Agreement. You will comply with all laws, including export laws. STMicroelectronics’s failure or delay to enforce this Agreement does not waive STMicroelectronics’s rights. Swiss law, except conflict of laws, governs this Agreement, and the parties consent to exclusive jurisdiction of courts in Switzerland for litigation of this Agreement.
Subject to the below disclaimer, applicable Third Party Terms (defined below), and applicable Open Source Terms (defined below), the redistribution, reproduction and use in source and binary forms of the software package or any part thereof, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistribution of source code (modified or not) must retain any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a microcontroller or microprocessor device or a software update for such device, must reproduce any copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other contributors to this software package may be used to endorse or promote products using or derived from this software package without specific written permission.
This software package must be used and execute solely and exclusively in combination with an integrated circuit that is manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics and is an NFC tag, NFC dynamic tag, NFC reader, or UHF reader.
No use, reproduction or redistribution of this software package may be done in any manner that would subject this software package to any Open Source Terms (as defined below).
Some portion of the software package may contain software subject to Open Source Terms (as defined below) applicable for each such portion (“Open Source Software”), as further specified in the software package. Such Open Source Software is supplied under the applicable Open Source Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. “Open Source Terms” shall mean any open source license which requires as part of distribution of software that the source code of such software is distributed therewith or otherwise made available, or open source license that substantially complies with the Open Source definition specified at www.opensource.org and any other comparable open source license such as for example GNU General Public License (GPL), Eclipse Public License (EPL), Apache Software License, BSD license and MIT license.
This software package may also include third party software as expressly specified in the software package, which shall be subject to applicable third party license terms (“Third Party Terms”). Such Third Party Terms may be specified in any reasonable manner, including, without limitation, by being fully set forth, referred to, or hyperlinked in the software package source code, documentation, license file, or readme file. Such third party software is supplied under Third Party Terms and is not subject to this list of conditions, but is subject to the following disclaimer. By unzipping, installing, copying, downloading, accessing or otherwise using any third party software included in this software package, the recipient agrees to be bound by the corresponding Third Party Terms.
STMicroelectronics has no obligation to provide any maintenance, support or updates for the software package.
The software package is and will remain the exclusive property of STMicroelectronics and its licensors. The recipient will not take any action that jeopardizes STMicroelectronics and its licensors' proprietary rights or acquire any rights in the software package, except the limited rights specified hereunder.
Redistribution and use of this software package partially or any part thereof other than as permitted under this license is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this license.
DISCLAIMER
THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY STMICROELECTRONICS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN NO EVENT SHALL STMICROELECTRONICS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PERMITTED HEREUNDER, SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE THIRD PARTY TERMS AND OPEN SOURCE TERMS, NO LICENSE OR OTHER RIGHTS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE GRANTED UNDER ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF STMICROELECTRONICS OR ANY THIRD PARTY.